XSDVisualizer/XSDVisualiser/Parsing/XsdSchemaParser.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Schema;
using XSDVisualiser.Models;

namespace XSDVisualiser.Parsing
{
    public class XsdSchemaParser
    {
        private readonly XmlSchemaSet _set = new();

        public SchemaModel Parse(string xsdPath)
        {
            _set.XmlResolver = new XmlUrlResolver();
            using var reader = XmlReader.Create(xsdPath, new XmlReaderSettings { DtdProcessing = DtdProcessing.Ignore });
            var schema = XmlSchema.Read(reader, ValidationCallback);
            _set.Add(schema);
            _set.CompilationSettings = new XmlSchemaCompilationSettings { EnableUpaCheck = true };
            _set.Compile();

            var model = new SchemaModel
            {
                TargetNamespace = schema.TargetNamespace
            };

            foreach (XmlSchemaElement globalEl in _set.Schemas().Cast<XmlSchema>()
                         .SelectMany(s => s.Elements.Values.Cast<XmlSchemaElement>()))
            {
                var node = BuildNodeForElement(globalEl, parentContentModel: null);
                model.RootElements.Add(node);
            }

            return model;
        }

        private void ValidationCallback(object? sender, ValidationEventArgs e)
        {
            // For now, we do not throw; we capture compiled info best-effort.
            // Console.Error.WriteLine($"[XSD Validation {e.Severity}] {e.Message}");
        }

        private SchemaNode BuildNodeForElement(XmlSchemaElement element, string? parentContentModel)
        {
            var node = new SchemaNode
            {
                Name = element.Name ?? element.RefName.Name,
                Namespace = (element.QualifiedName.IsEmpty ? element.RefName : element.QualifiedName).Namespace,
                IsNillable = element.IsNillable,
                Cardinality = new Occurs
                {
                    Min = element.MinOccurs,
                    Max = element.MaxOccurs,
                    MaxIsUnbounded = element.MaxOccursString == "unbounded"
                },
                ContentModel = parentContentModel
            };

            var type = ResolveElementType(element);
            if (type != null)
            {
                node.TypeName = GetQualifiedTypeName(type);
                if (type.Datatype != null)
                {
                    node.BuiltInType = type.Datatype.TypeCode.ToString();
                }

                switch (type)
                {
                    case XmlSchemaComplexType ct:
                        HandleComplexType(node, ct);
                        break;
                    case XmlSchemaSimpleType st:
                        node.ContentModel = "simple";
                        node.Constraints = ExtractConstraints(st);
                        break;
                }
            }

            return node;
        }

        private static string? GetQualifiedTypeName(XmlSchemaType type)
        {
            if (!type.QualifiedName.IsEmpty) return type.QualifiedName.ToString();
            return type.BaseXmlSchemaType != null && !type.BaseXmlSchemaType.QualifiedName.IsEmpty
                ? type.BaseXmlSchemaType.QualifiedName.ToString()
                : type.Name;
        }

        private XmlSchemaType? ResolveElementType(XmlSchemaElement el)
        {
            if (el.ElementSchemaType != null) return el.ElementSchemaType;
            if (!el.SchemaTypeName.IsEmpty)
            {
                return _set.GlobalTypes[el.SchemaTypeName] as XmlSchemaType;
            }
            if (el.SchemaType != null) return el.SchemaType;
            return null;
        }

        private void HandleComplexType(SchemaNode node, XmlSchemaComplexType ct)
        {
            // Attributes
            foreach (XmlSchemaAttribute attr in ct.AttributeUses.Values.OfType<XmlSchemaAttribute>())
            {
                node.Attributes.Add(ExtractAttribute(attr));
            }

            // Content model
            if (ct.ContentTypeParticle is XmlSchemaGroupBase group)
            {
                var content = group switch
                {
                    XmlSchemaSequence => "sequence",
                    XmlSchemaChoice => "choice",
                    XmlSchemaAll => "all",
                    _ => "group"
                };
                node.ContentModel = content;

                foreach (var item in group.Items)
                {
                    switch (item)
                    {
                        case XmlSchemaElement childEl:
                            node.Children.Add(BuildNodeForElement(childEl, content));
                            break;
                        case XmlSchemaGroupBase nestedGroup:
                            // Flatten nested groups by introducing synthetic nodes
                            var synthetic = new SchemaNode
                            {
                                Name = "(group)",
                                Namespace = node.Namespace,
                                ContentModel = nestedGroup switch
                                {
                                    XmlSchemaSequence => "sequence",
                                    XmlSchemaChoice => "choice",
                                    XmlSchemaAll => "all",
                                    _ => "group"
                                },
                                Cardinality = new Occurs { Min = nestedGroup.MinOccurs, Max = nestedGroup.MaxOccurs, MaxIsUnbounded = nestedGroup.MaxOccursString == "unbounded" }
                            };
                            foreach (var nestedItem in nestedGroup.Items)
                            {
                                if (nestedItem is XmlSchemaElement ngChild)
                                {
                                    synthetic.Children.Add(BuildNodeForElement(ngChild, synthetic.ContentModel));
                                }
                            }
                            node.Children.Add(synthetic);
                            break;
                        // Skip other particles for now
                    }
                }
            }
            else if (ct.ContentType == XmlSchemaContentType.TextOnly && ct.ContentModel is XmlSchemaSimpleContent simpleContent)
            {
                node.ContentModel = "simple";
                if (simpleContent.Content is XmlSchemaSimpleContentExtension ext)
                {
                    var baseType = ResolveType(ext.BaseTypeName);
                    if (baseType is XmlSchemaSimpleType st)
                    {
                        node.Constraints = ExtractConstraints(st);
                        node.TypeName ??= GetQualifiedTypeName(st);
                        node.BuiltInType ??= st.Datatype?.TypeCode.ToString();
                    }

                    foreach (XmlSchemaAttribute attr in ext.Attributes.OfType<XmlSchemaAttribute>())
                    {
                        node.Attributes.Add(ExtractAttribute(attr));
                    }
                }
                else if (simpleContent.Content is XmlSchemaSimpleContentRestriction res)
                {
                    var baseType = ResolveType(res.BaseTypeName);
                    if (baseType is XmlSchemaSimpleType st)
                    {
                        var cons = ExtractConstraints(st);
                        MergeFacets(cons, res.Facets);
                        node.Constraints = cons;
                        node.TypeName ??= GetQualifiedTypeName(st);
                        node.BuiltInType ??= st.Datatype?.TypeCode.ToString();
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        private XmlSchemaType? ResolveType(XmlQualifiedName qname)
        {
            if (qname.IsEmpty) return null;
            return _set.GlobalTypes[qname] as XmlSchemaType;
        }

        private AttributeInfo ExtractAttribute(XmlSchemaAttribute attr)
        {
            var info = new AttributeInfo
            {
                Name = attr.Name ?? attr.RefName.Name,
                Namespace = (attr.QualifiedName.IsEmpty ? attr.RefName : attr.QualifiedName).Namespace,
                Use = attr.Use.ToString()
            };

            XmlSchemaSimpleType? st = null;
            if (attr.AttributeSchemaType != null) st = attr.AttributeSchemaType as XmlSchemaSimpleType;
            else if (!attr.SchemaTypeName.IsEmpty) st = ResolveType(attr.SchemaTypeName) as XmlSchemaSimpleType;
            else if (attr.SchemaType != null) st = attr.SchemaType;

            if (st != null)
            {
                info.TypeName = GetQualifiedTypeName(st);
                info.BuiltInType = st.Datatype?.TypeCode.ToString();
                info.Constraints = ExtractConstraints(st);
            }

            return info;
        }

        private ConstraintSet? ExtractConstraints(XmlSchemaSimpleType st)
        {
            var cons = new ConstraintSet
            {
                BaseTypeName = GetQualifiedTypeName(st.BaseXmlSchemaType)
            };

            if (st.Content is XmlSchemaSimpleTypeRestriction restr)
            {
                MergeFacets(cons, restr.Facets);
            }
            else if (st.Content is XmlSchemaSimpleTypeList list)
            {
                cons.Patterns.Add("(list)");
                if (!list.ItemTypeName.IsEmpty)
                {
                    var baseType = ResolveType(list.ItemTypeName);
                    if (baseType is XmlSchemaSimpleType itemSt)
                    {
                        var sub = ExtractConstraints(itemSt);
                        Merge(cons, sub);
                    }
                }
            }
            else if (st.Content is XmlSchemaSimpleTypeUnion union)
            {
                cons.Patterns.Add("(union)");
                foreach (var memberType in union.BaseMemberTypes)
                {
                    if (memberType is XmlSchemaSimpleType mst)
                    {
                        var sub = ExtractConstraints(mst);
                        Merge(cons, sub);
                    }
                }
            }

            return cons;
        }

        private static void Merge(ConstraintSet target, ConstraintSet? source)
        {
            if (source == null) return;
            foreach (var e in source.Enumerations) if (!target.Enumerations.Contains(e)) target.Enumerations.Add(e);
            foreach (var p in source.Patterns) if (!target.Patterns.Contains(p)) target.Patterns.Add(p);
            if (source.Numeric != null)
            {
                target.Numeric ??= new NumericBounds();
                target.Numeric.MinInclusive ??= source.Numeric.MinInclusive;
                target.Numeric.MaxInclusive ??= source.Numeric.MaxInclusive;
                target.Numeric.MinExclusive ??= source.Numeric.MinExclusive;
                target.Numeric.MaxExclusive ??= source.Numeric.MaxExclusive;
            }
            if (source.Length != null)
            {
                target.Length ??= new LengthBounds();
                if (source.Length.LengthSpecified && !target.Length.LengthSpecified)
                {
                    target.Length.Length = source.Length.Length;
                    target.Length.LengthSpecified = true;
                }
                if (source.Length.MinLengthSpecified && !target.Length.MinLengthSpecified)
                {
                    target.Length.MinLength = source.Length.MinLength;
                    target.Length.MinLengthSpecified = true;
                }
                if (source.Length.MaxLengthSpecified && !target.Length.MaxLengthSpecified)
                {
                    target.Length.MaxLength = source.Length.MaxLength;
                    target.Length.MaxLengthSpecified = true;
                }
            }
        }

        private static void MergeFacets(ConstraintSet cons, XmlSchemaObjectCollection facets)
        {
            foreach (var f in facets)
            {
                switch (f)
                {
                    case XmlSchemaEnumerationFacet enumFacet:
                        cons.Enumerations.Add(enumFacet.Value);
                        break;
                    case XmlSchemaPatternFacet patternFacet:
                        cons.Patterns.Add(patternFacet.Value);
                        break;
                    case XmlSchemaMinInclusiveFacet minInc:
                        cons.Numeric ??= new NumericBounds();
                        cons.Numeric.MinInclusive = minInc.Value;
                        break;
                    case XmlSchemaMaxInclusiveFacet maxInc:
                        cons.Numeric ??= new NumericBounds();
                        cons.Numeric.MaxInclusive = maxInc.Value;
                        break;
                    case XmlSchemaMinExclusiveFacet minEx:
                        cons.Numeric ??= new NumericBounds();
                        cons.Numeric.MinExclusive = minEx.Value;
                        break;
                    case XmlSchemaMaxExclusiveFacet maxEx:
                        cons.Numeric ??= new NumericBounds();
                        cons.Numeric.MaxExclusive = maxEx.Value;
                        break;
                    case XmlSchemaLengthFacet len:
                        cons.Length ??= new LengthBounds();
                        if (int.TryParse(len.Value, out var l))
                        {
                            cons.Length.Length = l;
                            cons.Length.LengthSpecified = true;
                        }
                        break;
                    case XmlSchemaMinLengthFacet minLen:
                        cons.Length ??= new LengthBounds();
                        if (int.TryParse(minLen.Value, out var ml))
                        {
                            cons.Length.MinLength = ml;
                            cons.Length.MinLengthSpecified = true;
                        }
                        break;
                    case XmlSchemaMaxLengthFacet maxLen:
                        cons.Length ??= new LengthBounds();
                        if (int.TryParse(maxLen.Value, out var xl))
                        {
                            cons.Length.MaxLength = xl;
                            cons.Length.MaxLengthSpecified = true;
                        }
                        break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}